world

alive's book

Use the symbol "side" or the verb "divide".

Use dominion when it is referring to a ruler, a person with power, a noun.

Use authority when a ruler is speaking, a verb.

Gebal

rock hill

same you alive

kill water

Use the "stay" symbol when it means continue. Use "abide" when it means to live in. Translate it "abide" not "abide in."

The lead symbol can be used as a noun and a verb. As examples, "me lead priest in temple" OR "me lead people temple."

world's people's children

keep feast

give sacrifice

they very closed their teeth. their teeth make sound.

Use the sanctuary symbol when the passage is referring to a piece of land where God dwells.

very holy room

In the New Testament, both of these phrases need to be translated the same way: God's kingdom.

Avoid translating these as, "you die." Better to translate them as "go your ancestors." If the text uses peace, add that as well, "go your ancestors in peace."

holy bread

Use the symbols "hard heart" for stubborn and "hard neck" for stiff-necked.

First Fruit Party

Collective nouns in English are those that denote a group of items but the noun are treated as a singular noun in English. For instance, fruit, seed, hair, fish, sheep, cattle.

When translating into SUN, it is important to make these collective nouns plural if the context requires it. Type the word twice to indicate there are more than one. 

slave's house

praise work

Yes, if there is more than one animal mentioned, translate it animal animal. 

Yes, cow cow is how SUN conveys cattle.

Yes, fish fish, if the text is referring to more than one.

Depends on the context. Use "valleys" (opposite of hills) or "wilderness" (uninhabited).

Translate this literally, "God's right hand" or "near God's right hand"

wrath_of_God; however, when Jesus is angry in the New Testament, use the anger symbol instead.

USE "to" with: come;

DON'T USE "to" with: go, give, send, take, show, tell, mouth, pray, other verbs of speech or "indirect discourse";

SOMETIMES "to" with: bring, if necessary to clarify meaning

Spirit sleep on

send messenger mouth person come

yes, sheep sheep, if the text is referring to more than one.

make holy

mystery

If "remnant" is referring to people who were in exile and are returning, translate it, "people come backward land."

If "remnant" is referring to people who never went into exile, translate it, "people stay."

Use the symbol Sea_of_Reeds

sacrifice make sweet smell for Yahweh

Most frequent way to translate a command, “he must do this,” is with the SUN symbol "need." If there are an overabundance of "musts," like in Leviticus, state the first “need” and then let the context indicate that the rest is also a command.

Example: Therefore: you need make no idol idol. You need no make stand idol. You need no make rock pillar. You need no put idol idol you’ land. You need no bow idol.

Another option is use the imperative: no make idol idol.

"idol altars", or if it refers to hills, than use "idol hills"

bad mouth

honor above another

If it's referring to the place, translate it "tent land." If it's a verb, translate it, "they put tent tent."

Most pn Big pn God; if simply Almighty, most pn big pn

Redeem Person (if it's capitalized in the ULB)

redeem person (if it's not capitalized in the ULB)

break you clothes

knife stick

soldier

Yahweh's wrath_of_God no stop

covenant

Use the symbol repeat.

pain sex

see

throw rock bow_arrow

Crete

valley

If the English word "goods" is being used to describe movable property, use the symbols "other things" for the SUN translation.

Example from Ezra 1:6, "Those around them supported their work with silver and gold objects, goods, animals, valuables, and freewill offerings."

buy backward

move on stomach near land

dirty to you

man sheep' horn trumpet

law book

person wash self use water

person humble self

show self

Example: First month, fourteenth
day of the month

SUN: one
month, one four day

courage (delete have)

victory (delete have)

grateful sacrifice

go from

Example: they went to the west

SUN: they go west

Example: everything between Bashan and Salekah

SUN: all between Bashan, Salekah

Example: Camp north of Ai.

SUN: put tent north Ai

Example: Caleb says, "I am 45 years old."

SUN: Caleb mouth, "me four five years."

"change from sin"

"deceive person"

Mule is translated donkey

continue self holy

For example: "burnt offering" would be translated "sacrifice."

Translate this "king" and then the specific place
or people group symbol directly after it.

For instance, "David was king over Israel", would
be translated, "David king Israel."

complete

what number/what number laws

God turn mind

desire kill

no plan kill 

beat hot gold make cover

promise peace

catch

much trouble

gathered_things boats

sweet spice

The symbol "together_people" or "Israel's people" can be used depending on the context.

lie_down faces to ground

make self holy

It is best to begin the phrase with the symbol "when," and then describe the condition.

tithe

Use the symbol "part" to convey this idea. For instance, 1/4 can be translated "one part four". 

However, 1/10 can be translated with the symbol "tithe".

Use the symbols for wine and press.

wine press

prepare for war

through river

touch

M.A.S.T. – Mobilized Assistance Supporting Translation

Consume: (Complete this step by yourself) Read
your entire chapter. Try to understand the meaning and the main point of the
chapter. (This step usually takes 7-10 minutes. If the passage is longer and
the translator needs more time that is okay, but in this situation, it is good
for the translator to stop at the end of the 10 minute time period, reflect on
what has been read, and then continue reading.)

Verbalize: (Complete this step with one partner. If
no partner is available then the translator may verbalize out loud to
himself/herself) – In your mother tongue language, quickly verbalize what this
chapter is about. This step is not a discussion or analysis, but a summary of
the main people, events, and ideas. You may want to let one or more of the
following questions guide your verbalization. What are the main ideas? What
events are in the passage? What happened in these events? Who are the people in
the passage and what did they do? In this step, it is important that you
communicate the passage out loud to help you understand and remember what it is
about. (This step usually takes about 2-3 minutes).

Chunk: (Complete this step by yourself) Break
the passage of Scripture into smaller units or parts, called chunks. These
chunks should be complete thoughts which you can easily remember and quickly
rewrite. A chunk will usually contain about 1-4 verses but, in each chunk, the
translator should try to include the maximum amount of the passage that they
can easily remember and recall. Mark lines on your source text to show where
you have chosen to separate the chapter into chunks.

Blind Draft: (Complete this step by yourself) Read the
first chunk of your chapter and then hide the source text from your view.
Without looking at the source text, write the chunk in your mother tongue
language. Express the meaning of the chunk in natural language. After the first
chunk, move through your chapter repeating this process for each chunk, one at
a time, until all of the chunks in your chapter are written in your mother
tongue language. Be sure to leave space for corrections in between lines in
your draft. Do not expect the blind draft to be perfect, it will be refined in
the next steps.

Self-Edit: (Complete this step by yourself) Look at
the source text again and compare it to what you have written. Check your draft
for things like completeness, clarity, accuracy, smoothness, and key terms.
Correct any mistakes that you notice in your draft. If there is a portion of
your translation that you are unsure of, make a note of it. See if the key term
notes, translation notes, or other resources can help you determine whether or
not this difficult passage needs to be edited. 

Peer-Edit:
Give your draft to
another member of your team. This team member will read your draft, ask
questions about it, compare it to the source text, and suggest edits and ways
to improve it. They are not checking for a word-for-word translation, but to
make sure that the biblical author’s intended meaning is communicated. The
checker might want to look for things like the following: is anything missing
from the translation? Is the translation natural and smooth? Is it clear and
understandable? Is it accurate? Is everything that is communicated in the
source text represented in the translation? Is there a portion of the
translation which is not translated well? Is there consistency across multiple
instances of a key word? If needed, the checker can also refer to resources to consider
potential changes.

Key
Term Check: (Complete
this step with one partner) Step 1: Locate the key terms identified in
Translation Studio, these are the terms that you must identify and check in
this step. In addition to the Translation Studio key terms, you, your partner,
or your language group might add more key terms that you will want to write
down and look for. Step 2: You and your partner will compare the source text to
the translation, checking if the translation includes all of the key terms and
important concepts which are present in, either, Translation Studio or the
source text. If a key term or important concept is missing from the
translation, redraft the chunk(s) that contain the term or concept to make sure
that they are included in the translation. If several of the key terms or
important concepts are missing, the translator must return to step 5
(self-edit) and repeat steps 5, 6, and 7 before moving on to step 8. Step 3:
Once all of the key terms and concepts are present in the translation, work
with your partner to check each key term asking, “What is the definition of the
key term in the source text? Is the original meaning of this key term
accurately communicated in the translation?” (Note: a key term or important
concept is any term or concept which is significant for communicating the
meaning and theology of the passage–for example, Holy Spirit, glory, or
sanctification.)

Verse by Verse Check: (This step requires three people
total–the translator and two partners. One partner who can translate the mother
tongue to the source language and a second partner with the appropriate
competence in the source language) The translator will read their translation
chunk by chunk, out loud, in the mother tongue. Without using any resources,
one partner will listen to the mother tongue translation and, chunk by chunk,
will verbally translate the mother tongue to the source language. A second
partner will listen to the first partner’s verbal back-translation and compare
it to the source text. The two partners will suggest edits where appropriate.
The wording will not be exactly the same between the source text and the
back-translation, but it is important that(1) the meaning
in the translation is the same as the meaning in the source text and (2) that
all of the events and important details found in the source text are present in
the translation. If the meaning is not the same or all of
the events and important details are not present, the text should be edited.
The group should remember that resources and translation helps are available
for use in this step, too.

Note: 

• The translator and checkers do not
  need to add verse numbers. These will be added with technology when
  the verse is typed.


• Try to use a different partner for
  each of the steps that require one.


• Be quick to pray and to ask the
  opinions of others – other translators, facilitators, or others. 

One Always Live

Hagar's descendant

big sea animal

When someone or someplace has two names, they will be assigned one symbol. If we use two symbols to describe one person or one place, it appears it is actually two people or two places. If we do not have a symbol, please let it in English and a new symbol will be created. 

yes

Recab's descendants

Jethro's descendants

Gath's person or _______ from Gath

Hushah's person or _____ from Hushah

pure, white flower

big dirt hill

Media's people

big, fast_speed bird

Use the symbols "loud, wild, dog." If both animals are mentioned in the text, one can be deleted or simply use "wild animal" for the second.

In 2 Chronicles, Nehemiah, Isaiah, and Jeremiah, it mentions "the Arab." This is a person from Arabia; translate this as Arabia's person or Arabia's people, depending on context.

big sea snake

covenant kindness and true

Help Rock

land's far and near

If "bath" is used as a measurement of volume, translate it, "very many waters".

South Desert, be sure to use proper noun indicator after each word

Yahweh stretch hand

Yahweh’s
anger no stop

Death Hole

Hagar's people

animal bone

weight

Dor's Villages (use proper noun indicator after villages"

very sad

use either justice or righteous depending on the context.

no cover

strong men

know use sword fight

lift

morning water

You can use the symbol for paralyze or translate it "no ability walk." 

same sand in_front fire

loud, big, bird

bad spirit

honey insect 

everyone's Lord (be sure to insert proper noun indicator after lord)

Cyprus

big rock tool

sorcery

If it means breastfeeding, use “give milk”. If it means to make well, use “help make healthy.” If it means medical person, use "woman help heal people." If it means a nursemaid, use "woman servant".

Baal's mother

Dead Sea, place proper noun indicators after each word

Jair's Tent Villages, use proper noun indicators after tent and villages

no desire work

finger's hard end

send away

sin pn valley pn (the pn represents the proper noun indicator). Don't capitalize sin in English or a different symbol will appear.

guard angel

very touch

Desert Road, place proper noun indicators after each symbol.

Anak's people

allow person use your money

Purim can be translated Lot Party. Be sure to insert proper noun indicators after each word. 

Pur can be translated lot.

Agagite is the same as Amalekite, so translate this "Amalek's people".

deer

bitter plant

West Sea - be sure to insert proper noun indicator

strong desire

Scholars are not in agreement. For SUN, use the same symbol "Kadesh" for both.

sin

scatter

fear

trouble

rebuke

careful hear

afraid Yahweh

parables

plan

no ask money

honor everyone same

fool

justice

Use the symbols "know choose righteous".

understand

wisdom

teach

If the Hebrew word is "musar", translate "instruction" with the symbol "discipline".

If the Hebrew word is "etsah", translate "instruction" with the symbol "teach".

You can check biblehub.com for the original Hebrew word used.

strong wall

"land full milk and honey"

"teachings, laws, and commands". Since decrees also mean commands, we can combine these into one symbol.

king's ring

Sheba_land's people

Yahweh king over angels's armies

You can convey the idea of oppression by saying "people enemy crush." However, you may need to rearrange this some to ensure that it never sounds like the Lord is doing the crushing. If in doubt, leave it in English, and the verse checker can translate it.

lead priest

death tower

hide and wait

family person

family's redeem person

tie

very promise

promise

tree

big jar

fragrant tree

Aram's people

Levi's people

false prophecy

Edom_land's people

goat carry sins

family

dirty

fire rock

incense tool

very lift

deep hole

gathered_people, if it's referring to the Israelites, you can add, Israel's gathered_people

good flour

seed fruit

flesh

yellow tree water

seed

tree's fragrant water

tree's fragrant water

Free Year (be sure to insert proper noun indicators)

false kindness

mouth my need

stop and praise

two minds

mock

very think

give me life

holy gathered_people

Tent Party (be sure to include the pn after each word to make it a proper noun)

Cover Sin Day (be sure to include the pn after each word to make it a proper noun)

first part

free desire offering

seed's cover

bless

For instance: ULB says, "whatever he does prosper." SUN says, "God bless everything man work."

split from people

open flesh

spot

pain sick flesh

flesh up

cover sin

snake have legs

fish leather

fish wing

split from people

perfect

If the tabernacle is the movable tent of meeting, use the symbols gathered_people tent. If the tabernacle is a permanent structure, use the symbol temple.

cloak

jar

good linen

stomach spit

I happy with you.

sew string together_things

net

Skin can be translated "leather" or "hair" depending on the context.

move water

split foot

idol

small fire bowl

big fire bowl

rough clothe

foot's bottom

complete foot

this thingthing

mercy chair

covenant box

inside part

thigh

peace offering 

lift

small bread

make holy

stomach food

man sheep

man cow

net

bright

Jew's first month

no person

very morning

Canaan's people. We put the country name first and then people, if the people group is named after a land. 

Passover Party and be sure to add the proper noun indicator pn after party. Passover is already a proper noun.

Weeks Party and be sure to add the proper noun indicator pn after each word.

Unleavened Bread Party  and be sure to add the proper noun indicator pn after each word.

Gather(things) Party and be sure to add the proper noun indicator pn after each word.

holy room

small cymbal

clothing around waist

head clothing

outside clothing

clothing under priest clothing

soldier on horse

rock plate

small plant

day after

between night

nail

wood

If frame is referring to the Ark of the Covenant, use "crown." Otherwise, "wall" can work as well. 

measure

ability people

ring

smooth stick

strong stick

tent ground stick

gathered_thing tool

prepare bowl or bowl for hot

split eat tool

carry soil tool

bowls

small foundation

Use the word woman to mean female. Be sure to put woman before the noun so that it will act as an adjective. For example, female sheep would be woman sheep. 

Use the word man to mean male. Be sure to put man before the noun so that it will act as an adjective. For example, male sheep would be man sheep. 

hole in rock

bone

farm chariots

dry grass

love fruit

Type pn after each work you want capitalized (with a space between the symbol and pn).

birth attendant

money

water jar

little spots

color between color 

small green tree fruit

hard sweet tree fruit

sweet smell oil

V-mast has TN and TW tabs. These
stand for “translation notes” and “translation words.” These are a great
resource. Also biblehub.com has a variety of study tools and notes that are
helpful.

Type the number exactly as you see
it.  For instance, 12 disciples would be
translated one two.  We only space bar
one time between numbers. 

Yes
but only use questions words (who, what) when there is a question being asked
in Scripture.  For instance, many times in Scripture the word “who” is used rhetorically. In this case, we would not use the question word “who.” It confuses our
blind readers. You can use "because" and "if" to begin a
sentence.  The readers are taught that the next sentence will name the
condition of the first sentence. 

The
subject. Find the subject of the sentence and place that first.  This can
be the most challenging when translating into SUN.  Many times it requires
totally restructuring the sentence in order to find the subject.  

Yes,
if the punctuation mark turns into a symbol (period, apostrophe) you need to double space after. You only have
to space bar once after all other punctuation marks that do not turn into
symbols (quotation marks, question marks, commas, exclamation points).

The
first space creates the symbol, and the second space creates a blank in between
the symbols. 

Type they, space bar, *, space bar

Type we, space bar, *, space bar 

Type you, space bar, *, space bar

Type me, space bar, *, space bar

work leader

No

Use the symbol for “correct”.

No

Nouns that represent more than one, except boys, girls, brothers, sisters, sons, daughters, and children. These have their own plural symbol. 

SUN does not use plural verbs.

If
you find a word that we do not have a symbol for, it's okay to use another word
that means the same thing that does have an existing symbol.  The
dictionary on v-mast is now updated and is a great resource for seeing all
the words we now have in SUN.  If none of these things work,
leave the word in English.

Yes, if there is a mistake, change the symbols and back
translation to match the correct meaning. 

Type holy spirit. Be sure to put the pn indicator after each
one to mark it as a proper noun. 

No, there is a separate step that does that. Verse markers
will be put in at the last step by the checker.